BeRoot(s) is a post exploitation tool to check commun Windows misconfigurations to find a way to escalate our privilege.
A compiled version is available here.
It will be added to the pupy project as a post exploitation module (so it will be executed all in memory without touching the disk).
Except one method, this tool is only used to detect and not to exploit. If something is found, templates could be used to exploit it. To use it, just create a test.bat file located next to the service / DLL used. It should execute it once called. Depending on the Redistributable Packages installed on the target host, these binaries may not work.
Run it
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| Windows Privilege Escalation |
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| ! BANG BANG ! |
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usage: beRoot.exe [-h] [-l] [-w] [-c CMD]
Windows Privilege Escalation
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-l, --list list all softwares installed (not run by default)
-w, --write write output
-c CMD, --cmd CMD cmd to execute for the webclient check (default: whoami)Path containing space without quotes
Consider the following file path:
C:\Program Files\Some Test\binary.exeC:\Program.exe
C:\Program Files\Some.exe
C:\Program Files\Some Folder\binary.exeNote: BeRoot realized these checks on every service path, scheduled tasks and startup keys located in HKLM.
How to exploit:
The vulnerable path runs as:
- a service: create a malicious service (or compile the service template)
- a classic executable: Create your own executable.
Writeable directory
Consider the following file path:
C:\Program Files\Some Test\binary.exeNote: BeRoot realized these checks on every service path, scheduled tasks and startup keys located in HKLM.
How to exploit:
- The service is not running:
- Replace the legitimate service by our own, restart it or check how it's triggered (at reboot, when another process is started, etc.).
- The service is running and could not be stopped:
- Most exploitation will be like that, checks for dll hijacking and try to restart the service using previous technics.
Writeable directory on %PATH%
This technic affects the following Windows version:
6.0 => Windows Vista / Windows Server 2008
6.1 => Windows 7 / Windows Server 2008 R2
6.2 => Windows 8 / Windows Server 2012- Directory where the binary is located
- C:\Windows\System32
- C:\Windows\System
- C:\Windows\
- Current directory where the binary has been launched
- Directory present in %PATH% environment variableHow to exploit: Create a malicious DLL called "wlbsctrl.dll" (use the DLL template) and add it to the writeable path listed on the %PATH% variable. Start the service "IKEEXT". To start the IKEEXT service without high privilege, a technic describe on the french magazine MISC 90 explains the following method:
Create a file as following:
C:\Users\bob\Desktop>type test.txt
[IKEEXTPOC]
MEDIA=rastapi
Port=VPN2-0
Device=Wan Miniport (IKEv2)
DEVICE=vpn
PhoneNumber=127.0.0.1C:\Users\bob\Desktop>rasdial IKEEXTPOC test test /PHONEBOOK:test.txtMS16-075
For French user, I recommend the article written on the MISC 90 which explain in details how it works.
This vulnerability has been corrected by Microsoft with MS16-075, however many servers are still vulnerable to this kind of attack. I have been inspired from the C++ POC available here
Here are some explaination (not in details):
- Start Webclient service (used to connect to some shares) using some magic tricks (using its UUID)
- Start an HTTP server locally
- Find a service which will be used to trigger a SYSTEM NTLM hash.
- Enable file tracing on this service modifying its registry key to point to our webserver (\\127.0.0.1@port\tracing)
- Start this service
- Our HTTP Server start a negotiation to get the SYSTEM NTLM hash
- Use of this hash with SMB to execute our custom payload (SMBrelayx has been modify to realize this action)
- Clean everything (stop the service, clean the regritry, etc.).
beRoot.exe -c "net user Zapata LaLuchaSigue /add"
beRoot.exe -c "net localgroup Administrators Zapata /add"AlwaysInstallElevated registry key
AlwaysInstallElevated is a setting that allows non-privileged users the ability to run Microsoft Windows Installer Package Files (MSI) with elevated (SYSTEM) permissions. To allow it, two registry entries have to be set to 1:
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Installer\AlwaysInstallElevated
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Installer\AlwaysInstallElevatedUnattended Install files
This file contains all the configuration settings that were set during the installation process, some of which can include the configuration of local accounts including Administrator accounts. These files are available on these following path:
C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend.xml
C:\Windows\Panther\Unattended.xml
C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\Unattended.xml
C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\Unattend.xml
C:\Windows\System32\Sysprep\unattend.xml
C:\Windows\System32\Sysprep\Panther\unattend.xml<UserAccounts>
<LocalAccounts>
<LocalAccount>
<Password>
<Value>RmFrZVBhc3N3MHJk</Value>
<PlainText>false</PlainText>
</Password>
<Description>Local Administrator</Description>
<DisplayName>Administrator</DisplayName>
<Group>Administrators</Group>
<Name>Administrator</Name>
</LocalAccount>
</LocalAccounts>
</UserAccounts>Other possible misconfigurations
Other tests are realized to check if it's possible to:
- Modify an existing service
- Create a new service
- Modify a startup key (on HKLM)
- Modify directory where all scheduled tasks are stored: "C:\Windows\system32\Tasks"
Special thanks
- Good description of each checks: https://toshellandback.com/2015/11/24/ms-priv-esc/
- C++ POC: https://github.com/secruul/SysExec
- Impacket as always, awesome work: https://github.com/CoreSecurity/impacket/
